Methods for treating substrates by applying a halogenated hydrocarbon thereto

ABSTRACT

A solvent consisting essentially of a compound of the formula: 
     
         CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I) 
    
     wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z≦3.

This is a division, of application Ser. No. 07/369,769, filed on Jun.22, 1989 now abandoned.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to novel halogenated hydrocarbon solventsand use thereof.

BACKGROUND ART

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (hereinafter referred to simply asR113) is non flammable, non-explosive and stable with low toxicity andas such, is widely used as a cleaning agent for a flux employed in theassembling process of electronic parts or precision machine parts or forcutting oils, or as a cleaning agent for clothings such as fur coats orsuits. Further, R113 is widely used for removing deposited water afterthe washing treatment with water of liquid crystal display device parts,electronic parts or precision machine parts. On the other hand, arinsing agent such as trichloroethylene is used to remove aresist-removing agent deposited on a wafer. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane isused as a cleaning agent to remove a buffing agent deposited onprecision metal parts or decorative parts after the buffing treatmentthereof. Further, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is used for developing a resistin the preparation of a printed circuit board or a semiconductorcircuit, and methylene chloride or perchloroethylene is used forremoving the resist after etching treatment.

In spite of its various merits, R113 has been found to destroy ozone inthe stratosphere, which in turn brings about a skin cancer. On the otherhand, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and1,1,1-trichloroethane are likely to bring about a pollution ofunderground water, and it is required to minimize the amount of theiruse.

Under these circumstances, it is an object of the present invention tosolve such problems and to provide a novel halogenated hydrocarbonsolvent as a substitute for the conventional solvents.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a halogenated hydrocarbon solventconsisting essentially of a hydrogen-containing chlorofluoropropanehaving a difluoromethylene group represented by the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z≦3.

Now, the present invention will be described in detail with reference tothe preferred embodiments.

Specific examples of the compound of the formula I are as follows:

CClF₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ (R224ca)

CCl₂ FCF₂ CHClF (R224cb)

CF₃ CF₂ CHCl₂ (R225ca)

CClF₂ CF₂ CHClF (R225cb)

CClF₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R234cc)

CHF₂ CF₂ CHClF (R235ca)

CH₃ CF₂ CCl₂ F (R243cc)

CHF₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R244ca)

CH₂ ClCF₂ CH₂ Cl (R252ca)

CHCl₂ CF₂ CH₃ (R252cb)

CH₃ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R262ca)

CHF₂ CF₂ CCl₂ F (R225cc)

CHClFCF₂ CHClF (R234ca)

CHF₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ (R234cb)

CH₂ FCF₂ CCl₂ F (R234cd)

CF₃ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R235cb)

CClF₂ CF₂ CH₂ F (R235cc)

CH₂ ClCF₂ CHClF (R243ca)

CH₂ FCF₂ CHCl₂ (R243cb)

CH₂ FCF₂ CHClF (R244cb)

CClF₂ CF₂ CH₃ (R244cc)

CH₂ FCF₂ CH₂ Cl (R253ca)

CH₃ CF₂ CHClF (R253cb)

CF₃ CF₂ CHClF (R226ca)

CClF₂ CF₂ CHF₂ (R226cb)

CCl₃ CF₂ CHCl₂ (R222c)

CCl₂ FCF₂ CHCl₂ (R223ca)

CCl₃ CF₂ CHClF (R223cb)

CCl₃ CF₂ CHF₂ (R224cc)

CHCl₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ (R232ca)

CCl₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R232cb)

CCl₂ FCF₂ CH₂ Cl (R233cb)

CHCl₂ CF₂ CHClF (R233ca)

CCl₃ CF₂ CH₂ F (R233cc)

CCl₃ CF₂ CH₃ (R242cb)

CHCl₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl (R242ca)

The compounds of the present invention represented by the formula I maybe used alone or in combination as a mixture of two or more. They areuseful as various cleaning agents including a cleaning agent for drycleaning, a degreasing agent, a cleaning agent for removing a buffingagent, a flux cleaning agent and a rinsing agent, or as a resistdeveloping agent or a resist removing agent, or as a solvent forremoving deposited water. They are useful also for the following variouspurposes:

As a solvent for extracting nicotine contained in tobacco leaves or forextracting pharmeceutical substances from animal or plants, as a diluentfor various chemical agents including a coating material, a releasingagent, a water and oil repellant, a moisture proof coating, awater-proofing agent, a lustering agent and an antistatic agent, todisperse or dissolve them to facilitate their application to therespective objects, as an aerosol solvent for dissolving a chemicalagent or an active agent contained in an aerosol of e.g. a coatingmaterial, an insecticide, a pharmaceutical, a sweat-preventing agent, adeodorant, a hair conditioner or a cosmetic, and as an insulating mediumfor insulating and cooling e.g. an oil-filled transformer or agas-insulated transformer.

When the compounds of the present invention are employed for theabove-mentioned various purposes, it is preferred to incorporate variousother compounds depending upon the particular purposes.

For example, an organic solvent such as a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, aketone, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ester or an aromatic compound, ora surfactant, may be incorporated to improve the cleaning effects in theuse as a cleaning solvent or to improve the effects in other uses. Suchan organic solvent may be incorporated usually in an amount of from 0 to80% by weight, preferably from 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably from10 to 40% by weight, in the composition. The surfactant may be usedusually in an amount of from 0 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to5% by weight, more preferably from 0.2 to 1% by weight.

The hydrocarbon is preferably a linear or cyclic saturated orunsaturated hydrocarbon having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and is usuallyselected from the group constiting of n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane,isohexane, 2-methylpentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,3-dimethylbutane,n-heptane, isoheptane, 3-methylhexane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, n octane,2-methylheptane, 3-methylheptane, 4-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylhexane,2,5-dimethylhexane, 3,3-dimethylhexane, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentane,3-methyl-3-ethylpentane, 2,3,3-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane,2,2,3-trimethylpentane, isooctane, nonane, 2,2,5-trimethylhexane,decane, dodecane, 1-pentene, 2-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-nonene,1-decene, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane,methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, bicyclohexane, cyclohexene,α-pinene, dipentene, decalin, tetralin, amylene and amylnaphthalene.More preferred are n-pentane, n-hexane, cyclohexane and n-heptane.

The alcohol is preferably an aliphatic or cyclic saturated orunsaturated alcohol having from 1 to 17 carbon atoms and is usuallyselected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propylalcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, sec-butyl aclohol, isobutylalcohol, tert-butyl aclohol, pentyl alcohol, sec-amyl alcohol,1-ethyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentylalcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1 hexanol,2-methyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-2 pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol,2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl 1-hexanol,1-nonanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol,1-dodecanol, allyl alcohol, propargyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol,cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol,3-methylcyclohexanol, 4-methylcyclohexanol, α-terpineol, abietinol, 2,6dimethyl-4-heptanol, trimethyl nonylalcohol, tetradecyl alcohol andheptadecyl alcohol. More preferred are methanol, ethanol and isopropylalcohol.

The ketone is preferably represented by one of the formulas ##STR1##wherein each of R, R' and R" is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbongroup having from 1 to 9 carbon atoms and is usually selected from thegroup consisting of acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 2-pentanone,3-pentanone, 2-hexanone, methyl-n-butyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone,2-heptanone, 4-heptanone, diisobutyl ketone, acetonitrile, acetone,mesityl oxide, phorone, methyl n-amyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, methylhexyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, isophorone,2,4-pentanedione, diacetone alcohol, acetophenone and fenchone. Morepreferred are acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.

The chlorinated hydrocarbon is preferably a satuarted or unsaturatedchlorinated hydrocarbon having 1 or 2 carbon atoms and is usuallyselected from the group consisting of methylene chloride, carbontetrachloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichloroethane,1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane,1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene,1,2-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. Morepreferred are methylene chloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene.

The surfactant for a solvent for removing deposited water is preferablyselected from the group consisting of a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, apolyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkylester, a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ester, a polyoxyethylenealkyl phenol, a polyoxyethylene polypropylene alkyl phenol, apolyoxyethylene sorbitan ester, a polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylenesorbitan ester, caprylic acid caprylamine and a polyoxyethylenealkylamide. More preferred are caprylic acid caprylamine and apolyoxyethylene alkylamide. As the surfactant for a cleaning agent fordry cleaning, various surfactants including non-ionic, cationic, anionicand amphoteric surfactants may be employed. It is preferably selectedfrom the group consisting of a linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, a longchain alcohol sulfate, a polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, apolyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ethersulfate, a polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate, an α-olefinsulfonate, an alkylsulfosuccinate, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, apolyoxyethylene alkyl ester, a polyoxyethylene alkylallyl ether, a fattyacid diethanolamide, a polyoxyethylene alkylamide, a sorbitan fatty acidester, a polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, a quaternary ammonium salt, ahydroxysulfobetaine, a polyoxyethylenelauryl ether, apolyoxyethylenelauryl ether sodium sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and a higher alcohol sodium sulfate. More preferred are apolyoxyethylenelauryl ether, a polyoxyethylenelauryl ether sodiumsulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and a higher alcohol sodiumsulfate.

The aromatic compound is preferably a benzene derivative or anaphthalene derivative and is usually selected from the group consistingof benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene,diethylbenzene. sec-butylbenzene, triethylbenzene, diisopropylbenzene.styrene, an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, phenol, mesitylene, naphthalene,tetralin, butylbenzene, p-cymene, cyclohexylbenzene, pentylbenzene,dipentylbenzene, dodecylbenzene, biphenyl, o-cresol, m-cresol andxylenol. More preferred are an alkylbenzene sulfonic acid and phenol.

The ester is preferably represented by one of the following formulas:##STR2## wherein each of R₁, R₂, R₃, R₄, R₅ and R₆ H, OH or a saturatedor unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 19 carbon atoms.Specifically, it is selected from the group consisting of methylformate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, isobutyl formate,pentyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, isopropylacetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, pentylacetate, isopentyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, sec-hexyl acetate,2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, benzylacetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, butyl propionate,isopentyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, butyl butyrate,isopentyl butyrate, isobutyl isobutyrate, ethyl2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, butyl stearate, methyl benzoate, ethylbenzoate, propyl benzoate, butyl benzoate, isopentyl benzoate, benzylbenzoate, ethyl abietate, benzyl abietate, bis-2-ethylhexyl adipate,γ-butyrolactone, diethyl oxalate, dibutyl oxalate, dipentyl oxalate,diethyl malonate, dimethyl maleate, diethyl maleate, dibutyl maleate,dibutyl tertarate, tributyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, bis-2-ethylhexylcebacate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate,bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate. More preferred aremethyl acetate and ethyl acetate.

A chlorofluorinated hydrocarbon other than the compound of the formula Imay be incorporated to the compound of the present invention. Whenazeotropy or pseudoazeotropy exists with a composition obtained by thecombination of the compound of the present invention with othercompound, it is preferred to use them under an azeotropic orpseudoazeotropic condition so that there will be no variation in thecomposition when used by recycling, or no substantial change from theconventional technique will be required.

The cleaning agent for dry cleaning of the present invention may containvarious additives such as an antistatic agent, a softening agent, astain removing agent, a flame retardant, a water and oil repellant or astabilizer. As the stabilizer, various types which are commonly used forthe cleaning agent for dry cleaning, may be employed, includingnitroalkanes, epoxides, amines or phenols.

Various cleaning additives or stabilizers may be incorporated also tothe degreasing agent, the cleaning agent for the removal of a buffingagent, or a flux cleaning agent. In the case of the cleaning agent forremoving a buffing agent, water may further be incorporated. As thecleaning method, wiping by manual operation, dipping, spraying, shaking,supersonic cleaning, steam cleaning or any other conventional method maybe employed.

When it is necessary to stabilize the rinsing agent, it is preferred toemploy a nitroalkane such as nitromethane, nitroethane or nitropropane,or a cyclic ether such as propylene oxide, 1,2-butylene oxide,2,3-butylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, styrene oxide, butyl glycidylether, phenyl glycidyl ether, glycidol, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3,5-trioxane,1,3-dioxolan, dimethoxymethane or 1,2-dimethoxyethane, in an amount offrom 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, in combination.

There is no particular restriction as to the resist to be developed orto be removed by the present invention. The resist may be a positive ornegative resist for exposure, a resist for exposure with far ultravioletrays or a resist for exposure with X-rays or with electron beams. Theresist for exposure with light includes a quinone diazide type havingphenol and cresol novolak resin as the base materials, a cyclic rubbertype having cis-1,4-polyisoprene as the essential component and apolycinnamate type. Likewise, the resist for exposure with farultraviolet rays includes polymethyl methacrylate andpolymethylisopropenyl ketone. The resist for exposure with electron beamor with X-rays includes poly(methyl methacrylate), a glycidylmethacrylate ethyl acrylate copolymer, and a methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer.

For the removal of deposited water by means of the solvent for removingdeposited water according to the present invention, it is possible toemploy a spraying or showering method or a dipping method in a coolbath, a warm bath, a steam bath or a supersonic bath, or a dippingmethod with a combination of these baths.

The insulating medium of the present invention may be used incombination with a mineral oil type insulating medium, a completelyhalogenated hydrocarbon type insulating medium or a silicone oilinsulating medium, which is commonly employed in this field. Further,for the purpose of stabilization, a stabilizing agent such as aphosphite compound, a phosphine sulfide compound or a glycidyl ethercompound may be incorporated, or a phenol or amine antioxidant may beused in combination.

Now, the present invention will be described in further detail withreference to Examples. However, it should be understood that the presentinvention is by no means restricted to such specific Examples.

EXAMPLES 1-1 to 1-16

Cleaning tests for cleaning power were conducted by using the drycleaning agents as identified in Table 1. A soiled cloth (5×5 cm) ofwool having carbon soil fixed by a Yukagaku Kyokai method was put into aScrub-O-meter cleaning machine and washed at 25° C. for 25 minutes,whereupon the cleaning effects were measured by an ELREPHO photoelectricreflection meter. The results are shown in Table 1.

                  TABLE 1                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example No.                                                                             Dry cleaning agents                                                                             Cleaning effects                                  ______________________________________                                        Example 1-1                                                                             R225ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-2                                                                             R225cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-3                                                                             R224ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-4                                                                             R224cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-5                                                                             R235ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-6                                                                             R234cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-7                                                                             R244ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-8                                                                             R243cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-9                                                                             R252ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-10                                                                            R252cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-11                                                                            R262ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 1-12                                                                            R225ca(75)/n-heptane(25)                                                                        ⊚                                  Example 1-13                                                                            R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                          ⊚                                  Example 1-14                                                                            R225ca(75)/perchloro-                                                                           ⊚                                            ethylene(25)                                                        Example 1-15                                                                            R225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                          ⊚                                  Example 1-16                                                                            R225ca(75)/sodium dodecyl-                                                                      ⊚                                            benzene sulfonate(25)                                               ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Stain satisfactorily removed.                                ◯ Stain substantially satisfactorily removed.                     Δ Stain slightly remained.                                              X Stain substantially remained.                                          

EXAMPLES 2-1 to 2-16

Cleaning tests of cutting oil were conducted by using the degreasingagents as identified in Table 2.

A test piece (25 mm×30 mm×2 mm) of SUS-304 was dipped in spindle oil,and then dipped in the degreasing agent for 5 minutes. Then, the testpiece was taken out, and the state of the spindle oil remaining on thesurface of the test piece was visually evaluated. The results are shownin Table 2.

                  TABLE 2                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example No.                                                                             Degreasing agent Degreasing effects                                 ______________________________________                                        Example 2-1                                                                             R225ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-2                                                                             R225cb (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-3                                                                             R224ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-4                                                                             R224cb (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-5                                                                             R235ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-6                                                                             R234cc (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-7                                                                             R244ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-8                                                                             R243cc (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-9                                                                             R252ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-10                                                                            R252cb (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-11                                                                            R262ca (100)     ⊚                                   Example 2-12                                                                            R225ca(75)/n-heptane(25)                                                                       ⊚                                   Example 2-13                                                                            R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                         ⊚                                   Example 2-14                                                                            R225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                         ⊚                                   Example 2-15                                                                            R225ca(75)/trichloro-                                                                          ⊚                                             ethylene(25)                                                        Example 2-16                                                                            R225ca(75)/ethyl acetate                                                                       ⊚                                             (25)                                                                ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Satisfactorily degreased.                                    ◯ Substantially satisfactorily degreased.                         Δ Oil slightly remained.                                                X Oil substantially remained.                                            

EXAMPLES 3-1 to 3-16

Tests for removing a buffing agent were conducted by using the cleaningagents for removing a buffing agent as identified in FIG. 3.

A wrist watch frame was polished with a buffing agent (GS-1,manufactured by Soken Kogyo K.K.) and then immersed in the cleaningagent for removing a buffing agent, and a supersonic wave was appliedthereto for 3 minutes. Then, it was taken out and inspected for theremoval of the buffing agent. The results are shown in Table 3.

                  TABLE 3                                                         ______________________________________                                                     Cleaning agent for                                               Example No.  removing a buffing agent                                                                       Results                                         ______________________________________                                        Example 3-1  R225ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-2  R225cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-3  R224ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-4  R224cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-5  R235ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-6  R234cc (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-7  R244ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-8  R243cc (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-9  R252ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-10 R252cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-11 R262ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 3-12 R225ca(75)/n-hexane(25)                                                                        ⊚                                Example 3-13 R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                         ⊚                                Example 3-14 R225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                         ⊚                                Example 3-15 R225ca(75)/1,1,1-                                                                              ⊚                                             trichloroethane(25)                                              Example 3-16 R225ca(75)/ethyl acetate                                                                       ⊚                                             (25)                                                             Comparative  1,1,1-trichloroethane                                                                          ◯                                   Example 3-1  (100)                                                            ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Buffing agent satisfactorily removed.                        ◯ Buffing agent substantially satisfactorily removed.             Δ Buffing agent slightly remained.                                      X Buffing agent substantially remained.                                  

EXAMPLES 4-1 to 4-15

Flux cleaning tests were conducted by using the flux cleaning agents asidentified in Table 4.

A flux (Tamura F-Al-4, manufactured by Kabushiki Kaisha TamuraSeisakusho) was coated on the entire surface of a printed circuit board(a copper-clad laminate) and baked in an electric furnace at 200° C. for2 minutes. Then, the board was immersed in the flux cleaning agent forone minute. The degree of the removal of the flux is shown in Table 4.

                  TABLE 4                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example No.                                                                             Flux cleaning agents                                                                            Cleaning effects                                  ______________________________________                                        Example 4-1                                                                             R225ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-2                                                                             R225cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-3                                                                             R224ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-4                                                                             R224cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-5                                                                             R235ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-6                                                                             R234cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-7                                                                             R244ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-8                                                                             R243cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-9                                                                             R252ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-10                                                                            R252cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-11                                                                            R262ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 4-12                                                                            R225ca(75)/n-heptane(25)                                                                        ⊚                                  Example 4-13                                                                            R225ca(75)/methanol(25)                                                                         ⊚                                  Example 4-14                                                                            R225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                          ⊚                                  Example 4-15                                                                            R225ca(75)/trichloro-                                                                           ⊚                                            ethylene(25)                                                        ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Flux satisfactorily removed.                                 ◯ Flux substantially satisfactorily removed.                      Δ Flux slightly remained.                                               X Flux substantially remained.                                           

EXAMPLES 5-1 to 5-7

A positive resist (OFPR-800, manufactured by Tokyo Okasha) or a negativeresist (OMR-83, manufactured by Tokyo Okasha) was coated on a siliconwafer, followed by etching treatment, then the silicon wafer wasimmersed in an o-dichlorobenzene type resist removing solution (resistremoving solution-502, manufactured by Tokyo Okasha) at 120° C. for 10minutes and then immersed in the rinsing agent as identified in Table 5at 25° C. for 3 minutes. Further, it was immersed and cleaned in anIPA/MEK mixed solution and then in superpure water and then dried,whereupon the surface condition was inspected by a microscope.

                  TABLE 5                                                         ______________________________________                                                 Rinsing  Proportions                                                 Example No.                                                                            agents   (wt %)     Results                                          ______________________________________                                        Example 5-1                                                                            R225ca   100        No fine particles                                                             detected on the surface                          Example 5-2                                                                            R225cb   100        No fine particles                                                             detected on the surface                          Example 5-3                                                                            R243cc   100        No fine particles                                                             detected on the surface                          Example 5-4                                                                            R244ca   100        No fine particles                                                             detected on the surface                          Example 5-5                                                                            R262ca   100        No fine particles                                                             detected on the surface                          Example 5-6                                                                            R225ca    90        No fine particles                                         Heptane   10        detected on the surface                          Example 5-7                                                                            R244ca    90        No fine particles                                         Heptane   10        detected on the surface                          ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLES 6-1 to 6-16

Resist developing tests were conducted by using the resist developingagents as identified in Table 6.

A printed circuit board (a copper-clad laminate) having a photoresistfilm (Laminer, manufactured by Dynachem Co.) laminated thereon, wasexposed to have a predetermined circuit pattern and then developed withthe resist developing agent, whereupon the surface was inspected by amicroscope to see if the circuit pattern was properly formed. Theresults are shown in Table 6.

                  TABLE 6                                                         ______________________________________                                                                     Results of                                       Example No. Resist developing agent                                                                        inspection                                       ______________________________________                                        Example 6-1 R225ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-2 R225cb (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-3 R224ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-4 R224cb (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-5 R235ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-6 R234cc (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-7 R244ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-8 R243cc (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-9 R252ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-10                                                                              R252cb (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-11                                                                              R262ca (100)     ⊚                                 Example 6-12                                                                              R225ca(75)/n-pentane(25)                                                                       ⊚                                 Example 6-13                                                                              R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                         ⊚                                 Example 6-14                                                                              R225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                         ⊚                                 Example 6-15                                                                              R225ca(75)/1,1,1-                                                                              ⊚                                             trichloroethane(25)                                               Example 6-16                                                                              R225ca(75)/methyl acetate                                                                      ⊚                                             (25)                                                              Comparative 1,1,1-trichloroethane                                                                          ◯                                    Example 6-1 (100)                                                             ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Satisfactorily developed.                                    ◯ Substantially satisfactorily developed.                         Δ Slightly inferior                                                     X Inferior                                                               

EXAMPLES 7-1 to 7-17

Resist removing tests were conducted by using the resist removing agentsas identified in Table 7.

A printed circuit board (a copper-clad laminate) having a photoresistfilm (Laminer, manufactured by Dynachem Co.) laminated thereon, wassubjected to exposure, development and etching treatments to form aprinted circuit and then immersed in the resist removing agent at roomtemperature for 15 minutes. The board was taken out and inspected by amicroscope to see the state of removal of the cured film. The resultsare shown in Table 7.

                  TABLE 7                                                         ______________________________________                                        Example No.  Resist removing agent                                                                          Results                                         ______________________________________                                        Example 7-1  R225ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-2  R225cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-3  R224ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-4  R224cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-5  R235ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-6  R234cc (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-7  R244ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-8  R243cc (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-9  R252ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-10 R252cb (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-11 R262ca (100)     ⊚                                Example 7-12 R225ca(75)/n-pentane(15)                                                                       ⊚                                             alkylbenzene sulfonic                                                         acid(10)                                                         Example 7-13 R225ca(75)/ethanol(15)                                                                         ⊚                                             alkylbenzene sulfonic                                                         acid(10)                                                         Example 7-14 R225ca(75)/acetone(15)                                                                         ⊚                                             phenol(10)                                                       Example 7-15 R225ca(75)/methylene                                                                           ⊚                                             chloride(15) phenol(25)                                          Example 7-16 R225ca(75)/phenol(25)                                                                          ⊚                                Example 7-17 R225ca(75)/methyl acetate                                                                      ⊚                                             (25)                                                             Comparative  Tetrachloroethylene (100)                                                                      ◯                                   Example 7-1                                                                   Comparative  o-Dichlorobenzene (100)                                                                        ◯                                   Example 7-2                                                                   ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Resist satisfactorily removed.                               ◯ Resist substantially satisfactorily removed.                    Δ Resist slightly remained.                                             X Resist substantially remained.                                         

EXAMPLES 8 1 to 8-16

Tests for removing deposited water were conducted by using the solventsfor removing deposited water as identified in Table 8.

A glass sheet of 30 mm×18 mm×5 mm was immersed in pure water and thenimmersed in the solvent for removing deposited water for 20 seconds.Then, the glass sheet was taken out and immersed in dry methanol,whereupon the state of removal of deposited water was determined by theincrease the water content. The results are shown in Table 8.

                  TABLE 8                                                         ______________________________________                                                                    Effects for                                                 Solvents for removing                                                                           removing                                          Example No.                                                                             deposited water   deposited water                                   ______________________________________                                        Example 8-1                                                                             R225ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-2                                                                             R225cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-3                                                                             R224ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-4                                                                             R224cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-5                                                                             R235ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-6                                                                             R234cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-7                                                                             R244ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-8                                                                             R243cc (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-9                                                                             R252ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-10                                                                            R252cb (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-11                                                                            R262ca (100)      ⊚                                  Example 8-12                                                                            R225ca(75)/methanol(25)                                                                         ⊚                                  Example 8-13                                                                            R225ca(75)/acetone(5)                                                                           ⊚                                            isopropyl alcohol(20)                                               Example 8-14                                                                            R225ca(75)/trichloro-                                                                           ⊚                                            ethylene(5) ethanol(20)                                             Example 8-15                                                                            R225ca(75)/n-heptane(15)/                                                                       ⊚                                            methanol(20)                                                        Example 8-16                                                                            R225ca(99.5)/caprylamine                                                                        ⊚                                            caprylic acid(0.5)                                                  ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Deposited water satisfactorily removed.                      ◯ Deposited water substantially satisfactorily removed.           Δ Deposited water slightly remained.                                    X Deposited water substantially remained.                                

EXAMPLES 9-1 to 9-11

Tests for extracting nicotine contained in tobacco leaves were conductedby using the extraction solvent compositions of the present invention asidentified in Table 9.

A predetermined amount of a tobacco sample (Hilite, commercial product)was put in a Soxhlet extractor, and refluxing was conducted by means ofthe extraction solvent composition of the present invention for 8 hoursunder heating. After the refluxing, the solvent was evapoarted todryness, and the amount of extract was measured. The results are shownin Table 9. By using methanol as a comparative solvent, a similar testwas conducted. The amount of extract in this case was evaluated to be100, and the results of other tests were represented by relative valuesthereto.

As other Comparative Examples, similar tests were conducted with respectto acetone and hexane.

The evaporation residues of the respective tests were subjected to gaschromatography, whereby it was found that nicotine was contained in eachresidue.

                  TABLE 9                                                         ______________________________________                                                    Extraction solvent                                                                       Extraction                                                         compositions                                                                             rates                                                  ______________________________________                                        Example 9-1   R224ca       150                                                Example 9-2   R224cb       150                                                Example 9-3   R225ca       140                                                Example 9-4   R225cb       140                                                Example 9-5   R234cc       140                                                Example 9-6   R235ca       150                                                Example 9-7   R243cc       150                                                Example 9-8   R244ca       160                                                Example 9-9   R252ca       160                                                Example 9-10  R252cb       150                                                Example 9-11  R262ca       150                                                Comparative   Methanol     100                                                Example 9-1                                                                   Comparative   Acetone       90                                                Example 9-2                                                                   Comparative   Hexane        90                                                Example 9-3                                                                   ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLES 10-1 to 10-51

By using the diluents as identified in Tables 10-1 to 10-3, amoisture-proof coating agent composed of a polyfluoroalkylgroup-containing polymer was diluted. The diluted composition thusobtained was coated on the surface of a printed circuit board and driedin air t form a moisture-proof coating film on the surface of theprinted circuit board. The dried state of this moisture-proof coatingfilm was visually inspected. The results are shown in Tables 10 1 to10-3.

                  TABLE 10-1                                                      ______________________________________                                                                 Film forming                                                 Diluents         properties                                           ______________________________________                                        Example 10-1                                                                            R224ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-2                                                                            R224cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-3                                                                            R225ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-4                                                                            R225cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-5                                                                            R234cc (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-6                                                                            R235ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-7                                                                            R243cc (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-8                                                                            R244ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-9                                                                            R252ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-10                                                                           R252cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-11                                                                           R262ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-12                                                                           R225ca(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                          ⊚                                 Example 10-13                                                                           R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                           ⊚                                 Example 10-14                                                                           225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                            ⊚                                 Example 10-15                                                                           225ca(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                  ⊚                                 Example 10-15                                                                           225ca(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                     ⊚                                 ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Excellent                                                    ◯ Good                                                            Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

                  TABLE 10-2                                                      ______________________________________                                                                  Film forming                                                Diluents          properties                                          ______________________________________                                        Example 10-17                                                                           R225cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-18                                                                           R234ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-19                                                                           R234cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-20                                                                           R234cd (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-21                                                                           R235cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-22                                                                           R235cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-23                                                                           R243ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-24                                                                           R243cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-25                                                                           R244cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-26                                                                           R244cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-27                                                                           R253ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-28                                                                           R253cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 10-29                                                                           R244cb(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                           ⊚                                Example 10-30                                                                           R244cb(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                            ⊚                                Example 10-31                                                                           244cb(75)/acetone(25)                                                                             ⊚                                Example 10-32                                                                           244cb(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                   ⊚                                Example 10-33                                                                           244cb(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                      ⊚                                ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Excellent                                                    ◯ Good                                                            Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

                  TABLE 10-3                                                      ______________________________________                                                                 Film forming                                                 Diluents         properties                                           ______________________________________                                        Example 10-34                                                                           R226ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-35                                                                           R226cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-36                                                                           R222c (100)        ⊚                                 Example 10-37                                                                           R223ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-38                                                                           R223cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-39                                                                           R224cc (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-40                                                                           R232ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-41                                                                           R232cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-42                                                                           R233cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-43                                                                           R233ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-44                                                                           R233cc (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-45                                                                           R242cb (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-46                                                                           R242ca (100)       ⊚                                 Example 10-47                                                                           R226ca(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                          ⊚                                 Example 10-48                                                                           R226ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                           ⊚                                 Example 10-49                                                                           226ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                            ⊚                                 Example 10-50                                                                           226ca(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                  ⊚                                 Example 10-51                                                                           226ca(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                     ⊚                                 ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Excellent                                                    ◯ Good                                                            Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

EXAMPLES 11-1 to 11-51

A composition prepared by mixing 3 parts of the solvent composition asidentified in Tables 11-1 to 11-3, 9.4 parts of pure water, 0.4 part ofa surfactant, 1.6 parts of isopropyl myristate, 0.4 part of talc powder,0.2 part of a perfume and 85 parts of a propellant(1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane), was filled in an aerosol containerand shaked a few times, whereupon the dispersibility of the aerosolcomposition was visually inspected. The results are shown in Tables 11-1to 11-3.

                  TABLE 11-1                                                      ______________________________________                                                                  Dispersing                                                   Solvent compositions                                                                           effects                                             ______________________________________                                        Example 11-1                                                                             R224ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-2                                                                             R224cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-3                                                                             R225ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-4                                                                             R225cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-5                                                                             R234cc (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-6                                                                             R235ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-7                                                                             R243cc (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-8                                                                             R244ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-9                                                                             R252ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-10                                                                            R252cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-11                                                                            R262ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-12                                                                            R225ca(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                          ⊚                                Example 11-13                                                                            R225ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                           ⊚                                Example 11-14                                                                            225ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                            ⊚                                Example 11-15                                                                            225ca(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                  ⊚                                Example 11-15                                                                            225ca(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                     ⊚                                ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Uniformly dispersed.                                         ◯ Substantially uniformly dispersed.                              Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

                  TABLE 11-2                                                      ______________________________________                                                                  Dispersing                                                  Solvent compositions                                                                            effects                                             ______________________________________                                        Example 11-17                                                                           R225cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-18                                                                           R234ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-19                                                                           R234cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-20                                                                           R234cd (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-21                                                                           R235cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-22                                                                           R235cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-23                                                                           R243ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-24                                                                           R243cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-25                                                                           R244cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-26                                                                           R244cc (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-27                                                                           R253ca (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-28                                                                           R253cb (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-29                                                                           R244cb(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                           ⊚                                Example 11-30                                                                           R244cb(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                            ⊚                                Example 11-31                                                                           244cb(75)/acetone(25)                                                                             ⊚                                Example 11-32                                                                           244cb(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                   ⊚                                Example 11-33                                                                           244cb(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                      ⊚                                ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Uniformly dispersed.                                         ◯ Substantially uniformly dispersed.                              Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

                  TABLE 11-3                                                      ______________________________________                                                                  Dispersing                                                   Solvent compositions                                                                           effects                                             ______________________________________                                        Example 11-34                                                                            R226ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-35                                                                            R226cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-36                                                                            R222c (100)        ⊚                                Example 11-37                                                                            R223ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-38                                                                            R223cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-39                                                                            R224cc (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-40                                                                            R232ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-41                                                                            R232cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-42                                                                            R233cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-43                                                                            R233ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-44                                                                            R233cc (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-45                                                                            R242cb (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-46                                                                            R242ca (100)       ⊚                                Example 11-47                                                                            R226ca(75)n-heptane(25)                                                                          ⊚                                Example 11-48                                                                            R226ca(75)/ethanol(25)                                                                           ⊚                                Example 11-49                                                                            226ca(75)/acetone(25)                                                                            ⊚                                Example 11 50                                                                            226ca(75)/trichloroethylene(25)                                                                  ⊚                                Example 11-51                                                                            226ca(75)/ethyl acetate (25)                                                                     ⊚                                ______________________________________                                         The value in the bracket () represents a proportion (% by weight).            Evaluation Standards:                                                         ⊚ Uniformly dispersed.                                         ◯ Substantially uniformly dispersed.                              Δ Slight nonuniformity observed.                                        X Substantial nonuniformity observed.                                    

EXAMPLES 12-1 to 12-11

The most important insulating property among the properties of aninsulating medium is a volume resistivity. It is generally accepted thata medium is useful as an insulating medium if it has a volumeresistivity of at least 10¹³ Ωcm.

The volume resistivity values of insulating medium compositions of thepresent invention are shown in Table 12, wherein in each case, thevolume resistivity meets the above standard.

                  TABLE 12                                                        ______________________________________                                                   Insulating media                                                                         Volume resistivity                                      ______________________________________                                        Example 12-1 R224ca       ⊚                                    Example 12-2 R224cb       ⊚                                    Example 12-3 R225ca       ⊚                                    Example 12-4 R225cb       ⊚                                    Example 12-5 R234cc       ⊚                                    Example 12-6 R235ca       ⊚                                    Example 12-7 R243cc       ⊚                                    Example 12-8 R244ca       ⊚                                    Example 12-9 R252ca       ⊚                                    Example 12-10                                                                              R252cb       ⊚                                    Example 12-11                                                                              R262ca       ⊚                                    ______________________________________                                         ⊚ : Volume resistivity of at least 1 × 10.sup.13         Ω cm.                                                              

The novel halogenated hydrocarbon solvents of the present invention areexcellent in that the power for destroying ozone is extremely small ascompared with R113 which has been commonly used as a solvent, and thetoxicity is lower than the conventional chlorinated hydrocarbon solventsuch as trichloroethylene or perchloroethylene, whereby there will be nosubstantial problem of pollution of underground water.

Further, when employed for various purposes, they are capable ofproviding substantially equal or even higher performance as comparedwith conventional R113 or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for dry cleaning a substrate which comprises applying to said substrate a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub. F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 2. A method for removing a buffing agent from a substrate which comprises applying to said substrate a compound of the formula

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 3. A method for removing a flux from a substrate, which comprises applying to said substrate a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 4. A method for rinsing a substrate which comprises applying to said substrate a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein A+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 5. A method for developing a resist, which comprises applying to said resist a compound of the formula

    CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 6. A method for removing resist from a substrate, which comprises applying to said resist a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 7. A method for removing deposited water from a substrate, which comprises applying to said substrate a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 8. A method for extracting nicotine, which comprises contacting a nicotine containing tobacco preparation with a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 9. A method for diluting a perfluoroalkyl group-containing which comprises adding to said polymer a diluting amount of a compound of the formula:

    CH.sub.a Cl.sub.b F.sub.c CF.sub.2 CH.sub.x Cl.sub.y F.sub.z(I)

wherein a+b+c=3, x+y+z=3, a+x≧1, b+y≧1, and 0≦a, b, c, x, y, z, ≦3.
 10. A method as in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:CClF₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ CCl₂ FCF₂ CHClF CClF₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl CHF₂ CF₂ CHClF CH₃ CF₂ CCl₂ F CH₂ ClCF₂ CH₂ Cl CHCl₂ CF₂ CH₃ CH₃ CF₂ CH₂ Cl CHF₂ CF₂ CCl₂ F CHClFCF₂ CHClF CHF₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ CH₂ FCF₂ CCl₂ F CF₃ CF₂ CH₂ Cl CClF₂ CF₂ CH₂ F CH₂ ClCF₂ CHClF CH₂ FCF₂ CHCl₂ CH₂ FCF₂ CHClF CClF₂ CF₂ CH₃ CH₂ FCF₂ CH₂ Cl CH₃ CF₂ CHClF CF₃ CF₂ CHClF CClF₂ CF₂ CHF₂ CCl₃ CF₂ CHCl₂ CCl₂ FCF₂ CHCl₂ CCl₃ CF₂ CHClF CCl₃ CF₂ CHF₂ CHCl₂ CF₂ CHCl₂ CCl₃ CF₂ CH₂ Cl CCl₂ FCF₂ CH₂ Cl CHCl₂ CF₂ CHClF CCl₃ CF₂ CH₂ F CCl₃ CF₂ CH₃ and CHCl₂ CF₂ CH₂ Cl.
 11. A method as in claim 10, wherein a composition is used comprising from 10 to 90% by weight of said compound of claim 20, from 10 to 80% by weight of an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, a ketone, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ester and an aromatic compound, and from 0 to 10% by weight of a surfactant. 